Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 4.1
Common Ore Types
- Minerals can consist of a single element such as carbon (as graphite or diamond) or native gold. More
often minerals are compounds of two or more elements, and about 3,000 mineral species are known.
Metal
Ore Mineral
Composition
Percent Metal
Gold
Native gold
Au
100
Calaverite
AuTe
2
39
Sylvanite
(Au, Ag)Te
2
Silver
Native silver
Ag
100
Argentite
Ag
2
S
87
Cerangyrite
AgCl
75
Iron
Magnetite
FeOFe
2
O
3
72
Hematite
Fe
2
O
3
70
Limonite & Goethite
Fe
2
O
3
H
2
O (variable)
60 or less
Siderite
FeCO
3
48
Copper
Native copper
Cu
100
Bornite
Cu
5
FeS
4
63
Brochantite
CuSO
4
3Cu(OH)
2
62
Chalcocite
Cu
2
S
80
Chalcopyrite
CuFeS
2
34
Covelite
CuS
66
Cuprite
Cu
2
O
89
Enargite
3Cu
2
S As
2
S
2
48
Malachite
CuCO
3
Cu(OH)
2
57
Azurite
2CuCo
3
2H
2
O
55
Chrysocolla
CuSiO
3
2H
2
O
36
Lead
Galena
PbS
86
Cerussite
PbCO
3
77
Anglesite
PbSO
4
68
Zinc
Sphalerite
ZnS
67
Smithsonite
ZnCO
3
52
Calamine
H
2
Zn
2
SiO
5
54
Zincite
ZnO
80
Tin
Cassiterite
SnO
2
78
Stannite
Cu
2
S FeS SnS
2
27
Nickel
Pentlandite
(Fe, Ni)S
22
Garnierite
H
2
(Ni, Mg)SiO
3
H
2
O
Chromium
Chromite
FeO Cr
2
O
3
68
Manganese
Pyrolusite
MnO
2
63
Psilomelane
Mn
2
O
3
(xH
2
O)
39
Braunite
3Mn
2
O
3
MnSiO
3
71
Manganite
Mn
2
O
3
H
2
O
81
Aluminium
Gibbsite (found in lateritic
ore termed Bauxite)
Al
2
O
3
2H
2
O
39
(Continued)
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