Involving the Public - Mining and the Environment: From Ore to Metal - page 132

FIGURE 3.2
Types of Stakeholders

INTERNATIONAL

Project-affected people deserve
highest attention in public involvement.
They generally want to know what is
proposed and what change will occur.
They are concerned that their values
are known and respected, and their
suggestion are carefully considered.
Source:
Zemex 2002

International NGOs International Media

Multilateral
Investor

NATIONAL Customers

National Government/
Regulators

National Media

Customers

LOCAL

Academic
Institutes

Industrial
Customers

Local Media

Local
Government

Customers

Think Tanks/
Research
Group

National
Industry &
Business
Associations

INTERNAL

Local NGOs Local Interest

Group

Employees
Contractors

Suppliers

Investors

Neighbours/
Local
community

Trade Unions

Strict disclosure requirements of institutions like IFC or EPFIs make consultation
with local communities compulsory. The level of consultation may vary considerably if
these organizations are not involved. Where such consultation needs to be undertaken
in a structured manner, EPFIs may require the preparation of a Public Consultation and
Disclosure Plan (PCDP). Some provision for local community consultation is also made in
EIA regulations in most countries.
Mining projects often have indirect impacts that reach far beyond the adjacent mine
areas. If resettlement occurs, communities which receive migrants are also affected.
Employment opportunities attracted people from communities far away from the actual
mine site. Downstream communities may be affected from proposed work due to actual or
perceived changes in water quality or quantity. Transportation corridors have immediate
impacts on adjacent communities and make previously inaccessible areas open to migrants.

Mining projects often have
indirect impacts that reach far
beyond the adjacent mine areas.

The Government which Owns the Mineral Resource

The government of the host country has signii cant interest in a mining project, not only
because in most jurisdictions the ore body remains the property of the state. Governments
facilitate mining investment and they set the rules of engagement, two areas that overlap and
form the mining policy of a country. On the national level a mining project secures foreign
investment and a long-term stream of tax revenue. On the regional level it will signii cantly
stimulate economic development. On the local level, the mining project often represents the
main source of income and employment opportunities. From the government's point of view