Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
x 10
-4
4.5
x=100
x=200
x=300
x=400
x=500
x=600
x=700
x=800
x=900
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
y
Fig. 16.8 Concentration distribution at ground surface according to a Gaussian plume;
Concentrations at cross-sections, parallel to
y
-axis at various distances from the source
It is not only the potential hazards from stacks or chimneys that can be estimated
by Gaussian' plumes. As mentioned above the normal distribution has applications
in all environmental compartments. Methods, similar to the ones described in this
subchapter, were applied in other fields as well. Karol et al. (
1997
) simulate the
exhaust composition of a subsonic aircraft and combine Gaussian plumes with
chemical reaction modeling. Raupach et al. (
2001
) deal with the insecticide endo-
sulfan that, applied by spraying on agriculture land, finally enters and pollutes rivers
and lakes. Dayan and Koch (
2002
) deal with the dispersion of PCB following
a release caused by fire.
References
Bear J (1976) Hydraulics of groundwater. Mc Graw Hill, New York, p 569
Dayan U, Koch J (2002) Dispersion of PCB in the environment following an atmospheric release
caused by fire. Sci Total Environ 285:147-153
Fried JJ (1975) Groundwater pollution. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 330
Hunt B (1983) Mathematical analysis of groundwater resources. Butterworths, London, p 271
Karol IL, Ozolin YE, Rozanov EV (1997) Box and Gaussian plume models of the exhaust
composition evolution of subsonic transport aircraft in- and out of the flight corridor. Ann
Geophysicae 15:88-96
