Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
18.6
What are the advantages and disadvantages of aqueous reforming?
18.7
Would you consider the lignin from lignocellulose processing as waste? What
would you do with it?
PROBLEMS
18.1
Write out the mechanism for aldol condensation of HMF and acetone. What are
possible by-products?
18.2
Look up the conditions and yields for the conversion of HMF to C18
molecules. What is the most difficult step?
18.3
Also for the production of kerosene, biomass alternatives are considered.
One option is to use isobutene as starting material. Which technology do
you propose to convert isobutene into kerosene? Is this an atom-efficient
technology?
18.4
Look up three alternative ways to produce kerosene from biomass.
18.5
Look up details of production of DMF ethers by Avantium as listed in their
patents. Which catalyst is used? What is the yield? Estimate the E-factor.
18.6
Go one step deeper into calculating an E-factor by making a rough process
design using the flowsheeting package Aspen Plus
TM
including energy and
mass balances, e.g., for the example in Problem 18.5.
PROJECTS
P18.1
Make biodiesel yourself, and measure the E-factor by weighing the mass of
the materials going in and the mass of the products coming out. An alternative
approach is to measure the weight of the by-products (including waste) and
compare this with the weight of the product.
P18.2
Try to calculate the amount of energy needed to produce a biofuel, and
compare this with the heating value of the biofuel.
INTERNET REFERENCES
www.alphakat.de
(The production of synthetic diesel from biomass)
Search WWH ::
Custom Search