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O
O
O
+ 2 H 2
-H 2 O
Furfural
Methylfuran (MF)
+ H 2
OH
OEt
O
O
+ EtOH
-H 2 O
Furfuryl alcohol
Ethylfurfural ether (EFE)
FIGURE 18.9 Furfural conversion to MF and EFE.
OH
O
O
O
O
+ M eOH (EtO H)
-H 2 O
Acid
-HCOOH
OH
OMe (Et)
HO
O
Levulinic acid (LA)
O
O
OH
Methyl, ethyl levulinates
+ H 2
O
O
+ H 2
-H 2 O
-CO 2
Butene oligomers
O
Oligomerization
γ -Valerolactone (gVL)
2-Methyl-
tetrahydrofuran
(MeTHF)
+ H 2
COOH
Valeric acid (VA)
FIGURE 18.10 LA/gVL/VA as C5 platform from lignocellulose.
as fuel blenders (Lange et al., 2010). Notably, gVL does seem to be a suitable platform
chemical for applications such as solvents and chemicals. In addition, gVL can be
converted to kerosene- and diesel-range hydrocarbons through decarboxylation to
butenes and subsequent butene oligomerization (Bond et al., 2010). In view of the
many reaction steps required in the latter case, it can be questioned whether this will
lead to a sustainable process.
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