BIOREFINERIES: INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES - Biomass as a Sustainable Energy Source for the Future - page 483

is dehydrated to produce absolute ethanol
(tinyurl.com/myclw39)

Chemrec, Sweden Black liquor Methanol, dimethyl

ether (DME)

~5 In the pulp and paper industry, next to the main

products, black liquor is produced. This is
gasified to syngas, which in this process is
converted into methanol and DME. Process
demonstration unit (tinyurl.com/jvvr7hw).
Capacity estimation based on Knoef,
Chapter 7 (Knoef, 2012)

Inbicon, Kalundborg,
Denmark

Straw Ethanol, C5 sugar

molasses, lignin
pellets

30 Straw pretreatment by pressurized cooking,

enzymatic hydrolysis, pressing out C5
molasses, sugar fermentation, and ethanol
distillation, lignin drying, and pelletizing
(tinyurl.com/m4u2u93)

~15 a Lanzatech, Soperton,

Georgia, United States

Lignocellulosic residues Ethanol Fermentation of syngas obtained from biomass

gasification (tinyurl.com/nqf7s5s)

NatureWorks LLC Corn syrup, other C6 sugar Polylactide 150 Biochemical conversion (tinyurl.com/6e7nks)

Neste Oil, Porvoo,
Finland, 2 units;
Rotterdam,
Netherlands; Singapore

Vegetable oils Biodiesel, gas,

biogasoline

190, 800,
800 b

Hydrogenation of vegetable oil (tinyurl.com/
lj7nws2)

75 b

POET-DSM,
Emmetsburg, Iowa,
United States a

Corn crop residues Ethanol and biogas Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis,

fermentation (tinyurl.com/nl7qt3n)

n.i., not indicated.
a Under construction.
b Output based.