Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chemical,
biochemical,
thermochemical,
conversions,
Solvent
fractionation
Primary
products
By-products/
utilization
Biomass
Fractions
Upgrading
Final products
Waste water
treatment,
anaerobic
digestion for
biogas as
fuel, solids
recovery for
fuel/fertilizer
Lignin-rich
residue for
upgrading
or as fuel
Acetic acid
Steam
stripping/
extraction
Hydrolysis and
dehydration
Aqueous
efluent
Coniferous
Hemicellulose
Furfural /
HMF
Aqua
thermolysis
Lignin-
cellulose
complex
Bioethanol
Sacchariication
and fermentation
Fermentation
broth
Deciduous
Distillation
Cellulose
Levoglucosan
Organosolv
Residual
bio-oil as
fuel
Biochar as
fuel or as
soil improver
Fuel gas
Extraction/
distillation
Pyrolysis
Bio-oil
Phenols
Herbaceous
Lignin
Biochar
Steam and
power
generation
(CHP)
Gas
Heat and
power
FIGURE 15.7
Worked-out example of a biorefinery based on hybrid technology. (Source: Adapted from De Wild
(2011).©P. de Wild.)
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