Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Electricity
and heat
Transportation fuels synthesis
•
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
•
MeOH/DME
•
Ethanol/mixed alcohols
•
Hydrogen
Biological
processes
Combined
cycle
Fine chemicals
•
Formic acid
•
Acidic acid
•
Propionic acid
CO
2
Biosyngas
Torrefaction
Gaseous fuel
CH
4
/LNG
H
2
O
Product gas
•
H
2
•
CO
•
CO
2
•
H
2
O
•
CH
4
•
C
2
H
2
and C
2
H
4
•
BTX
•
Light tars
•
Heavy tars
•
NH
3
(HCN)
•
H
2
S (COS)
Cryogenic
distillation
Gasiication
Minerals
Base chemicals
Acetylene
Ethylene
CO
2
NH
4
+
H
2
O
CO
2
removal
“OLGA” tar
removal unit
Sulfur
removal
Aqueous
scrubber
Impregnating regent
Heavy tars
Chemical industry,
sequestering,
oil industry (EOR),
greenhouses
CO
2
Solvents
•
Benzene
•
Toluene
•
Xylenes
Fertilizer
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Fine chemicals
Light tars
Claus process
Elementary S
Irrigation/tap water
H
2
O
FIGURE 15.4
Thermochemical biorefinery concept. Data from Boerrigter et al. (2004).
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