Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Physical
Thermochemical
3. Platforms (also combinations)
Biogas
C5 and/or C6 sugars
Green pressate (also called
“
juice
”
)
Hydrogen
Lignin (solid)
Oil (liquid)
Organic juice
Power and/or heat
Proteins
Pulp
Pyrolytic liquid (
“
bio-oil
”
)
Syngas
4. Products
Material products
Energy products
Figure 15.3 shows examples of processes, with each of these features depicted in
the flow diagrams with its own box symbol.
Based on this classification method, recently, attempts have been made to identify
the complexity of different concept schemes, similar to the Nelson Complexity Index
for oil refineries (Jungmeier et al., 2012). It has been proposed to represent the
biorefinery complexity index (
BCI
)as
BCI
=
n
products
FV
products
+
n
platforms
FV
platforms
+
n
feedstocks
FV
feedstocks
+
n
processes
FV
processes
ð
Eq
15
1
Þ
:
:
In this equation,
n
is the number and
FV
is the feature value, a parameter indicating
the state of the art of products, platforms, feedstock, and processes. Year 2010 is taken
as 1 (already existing commercially), 2015 = 1.5, 2020 = 2,
…
, 2050 = 5.
Example 15.1
BCI
characterization of a vegetable oil-based biodiesel process
A biorefinery is based on the supply of rapeseeds (an oil crop). These seeds are
pressed, resulting in an oil stream. The oil is transesterified with methanol to produce
biodiesel and crude glycerol. This last product is distilled to reach the required purity
for this by-product. The press cake is used as animal feed. What is the BCI?
Solution
All technologies and products already exist commercially on the market, so their
FV
are all 1. We can identify three products (one energy product and two material
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