Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Permits
Capital (investment)
Air/oxygen/water
(reactants)
Heat
Co-feed
(oil, gas, coal)
Fuels
PROCESS
Biomass
Power
Plant
Auxiliary chemicals
(solvents, catalysts, ...)
Waste (L/S), emissions (G)
Utility system
(water, steam, power, fuel)
FIGURE 7.3
Connections between a process and supply chain.
Timescale
Small
Intermediate
Large
month
Chemical
scale
Enterprises
week
Sites
day
Plants
h
Process units
min
Single- and multi-
phase systems
s
Particles,
thin films
ms
Molecule
clusters
ns
Molecules
ps
1 pm
1 nm
1
μ
m
1 mm
1 m
1 km
Length scale
FIGURE 7.4
Multiscale view on a process plant, interior and exterior.(Source:Adapted
from Grossmann and Westerberg (2000).)
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