Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.1
The sustainability spectrum
1st Wave Organization
2nd Wave Organization
3rd Wave Organization
Rejection
Non-responsive
Compliance
Efficiency
Strategically
Sustaining
Proactive
Corporation
Elite seeks
More ignorant
Focuses on
Introduces human
Seeks to be
Reinterprets the
profit
than oppositional.
reducing risk
and environmental
employer of
nature of the
maximization,
of being
policies to reduce
choice.
corporation as
treating all
Prefers business
penalized for
costs and increase
an integral self-
resources as
as usual.
not complying
efficiency.
Seeks
renewing
means to that
with
stakeholder
element of the
end.
Ignores negative
minimum
engagement
whole of society
environmental
standards.
to innovate
in its ecological
Pays lip-service
impacts.
safe, environ-
context - and
to health and
Reactive to
mentally
attempts to
safety.
community
friendly
renew this.
and legal
products and
Opposition to
requirements.
processes.
government
and green
Prefers
Advocates
campaigners.
compliance but
good corporate
proactive in
citizenship to
Community
developing
maximize profits.
claims regarded
good public
as illegitimate.
image.
Value
Value
Value
Value
Sustainable
Destroyers
Limiters
Conservers
Creators
Business
Source: adapted from Kemp et al. (2003: 34).
