Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
which, to date, is also very cost-intensive. For further information the reader is
referred to Buchroithner and Schenkel (
1999
), Buchroithner (
2000
), Buchroithner
and Knust (
2012
), Knust and Buchroithner (
2012
).
Within the last five years holography has been experiencing a kind of renais-
sance, at least regarding non-civilian applications. In a mapping unit in Ankara,
Turkey, the generation of so-called Holographic Relief Maps (HRMs) has been
modified by using standard topographic line map data as well as a DEM and aerial
photographs. These HRMs are supposed to combine the advantages of plastic
relief maps with the characteristics of holography to enhance spatial perception.
Not only the relief, but also the topographic and thematic map contents are spa-
tially depicted as 3D objects (Dalkiran and Özagaç
2012
).
10 Recent Developments
In recent years the term ''3D'' increasingly appears in the media, mostly in connection
with TV screens. Leading companies like Philips, Sharp, Panasonic and Samsung
informed the public at CeBit 2010 in Hanover, Germany, that they will begin mass-
producing small displays, suitable for mobile devices, and predicted that it would not
be long before the technology replaces standard mobile displays. 3D television sets
have been available since 2010: Samsung, Sony and Panasonic had already announced
3D TV displays in June 2010 (see
www.Samsung
;
www.Sony
;
www.Panasonic
). This
was just in time for the FIFA World Cup in South Africa, which ESPN used to kick off
the industry's first 3D television network. Others like LG, Philips, Sharp and Toshiba
followed soon after (
www.LG
;
www.Philips
;
www.Sharp
;
www.Toshiba
). However,
for the spatial impression provided by these stereoscopic television sets the users need
to wear shutter glasses or polarisation glasses, since the two stereomates are visualised
on the screen in an alternating way. At IFA 2011 Toshiba presented the first market-
ready autostereoscopic TV screen, (blank) featuring Quad HD with a very high
resolution of 3840 9 2160 (
http://eu.consumer.toshiba.eu/en/products/tv/55ZL2#-
productDetailHilights
). This progression from stereoscopic to autostereoscopic TV
screens is faster than expert expectation. Autostereoscopic monitors have also been
enhanced, along with paddles (
www.Nintendo
), picture frames (
www.Jobo
)etc.
11 Conclusion
''3D'' is ubiquitous in cartography. Even at national level vocational training
programmes are currently dealing with this subject (see the recent volume ''The
Main Problems of Contemporary Cartography'' with one more paper ''3D in
Cartography'', Knust and Buchroithner
2010
).
The present article is explicitly not meant to elaborate on several ''pseudo-3D''
methods for dynamic relief modelling which make use of a series of different
