Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 16 Orthophoto mosaic of the Dachstein Massif showing selected glacier states. Red 1850,
blue 1915, green 2002. 1 Southern Torstein Glacier, 2 Northern Torstein Glacier, 3 Little Gosau
Glacier, 4 Schneeloch Glacier (from Bruhm et al.
2012
). For further explanation see text
even time slices going back to 1905 were visualised stereoscopically. Besides
traditional visualisation methods like hillshading, contouring etc. the aforemen-
tioned anaglyph images were also used to visualise surface elevation and glacier
changes. Furthermore, stereoscopic perspectives and animations are generated for
back-projection facility, a so-called Lab GeoWall (
www.WC2N
; Wheate and
Menounos
2012
).
True-3D visualisations of urban x, y, z datasets, so-called 3D city models, are
becoming increasingly frequent. Here—like centuries ago—physical models seem
to have been the preference of the city planners. In the early years of this mil-
lennium Vienna was the first European capital to introduce a haptic city model for
planning purposes (see Fig.
17
). It comprises 1-square metre plates, capable of
being exchanged, as soon as some alteration in the respective city area requires an
update of the physical city model.
7 Tactile Maps
Tactile maps are meant for blind or visually impaired people. Instead of visual
perception they use their haptic sense to 'read' the maps or other cartographic
visualisations (Koch
2001
). Weißenburg (ca. 1752) was the first blind person
