Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
speedily negotiated this section with the use of kayaks on Lakes Manapouri and Te
Anau.
The resulting cartograms again reveal contrasting tempos of topographical
experience, with the map of the 1988-1989 journey resembling that of the early
M¯ori Map shown in Fig.
3
.
5 Conclusions
When the temporal elements of the 1894 party are mapped, they show a dimension
that is as folded, refolded and contorted as the physically undulating terrain
through which such travel is undertaken. What is revealed in this temporal car-
tography is a more qualitative and experientially-layered understanding of land-
scape. The mapped temporal elements also indicate why different activities in such
landscape may prove to be incompatible in combination. They suggest that sub-
sequent journeys, and modes and rates of travel, have the potential to shift the
experiential qualities of a landscape in other multiple and diverse directions. This
phenomenological description conceptualizes landscape as open-ended and
determined by the various modes by which it is and will be practiced. Indeed what
these exploratory cartograms note is that relationships with landscapes are pro-
foundly shaped through the tempo and manner in which they are travelled.
This phenomenology is at odds with most management approaches to pre-
serving and fostering wilderness values. As Dassmann noted, these approaches
primarily involve setting suitable boundaries, controlling access, and limiting
commercial activities in such sites. However, this more temporal cartography
suggests that careful consideration is required by both the manager and wilderness
user when selecting technologies and facilities that might alter the experiential
qualities of wilderness landscapes (Abbott
2011a
). Wilderness management
approaches should focus less on portraying the pristine and remote qualities of the
land and reflect more on the activities undertaken there, and the sense of landscape
they foster (Abbott
2011b
).
It is important, however, to note that such maps suggest rather than resolve ways
in which cartography can be enlisted as a means to generate new understandings. For
instance determining how much of the surrounding land to 'drag' and 'compress'
requires further consideration. Both the knowledge spaces and methods that
'emerge' from this type of work remain experimental (Dodge et al.
2009
).
Diagramming movement and mobility involves more parameters than the single
metric of journey duration examined in this paper (see for example Halprin
1965
;
Ingold
2004
; Cresswell
2006
). Nonetheless such difficulties are opportunities.
Pearce, in her work on place and narrative in cartography, notes ''I do not wish to
overstate the extent to which I was able to bring place into cartographic language
through narrative… Yet I hope it is enough to demonstrate the potential that is there,
to contribute not only to theoretical research in cartographic language, but to the
practice of cartography as well'' (
2008
, p 30).
