Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
tion. However, the targets for 2050 can easily be achieved if a consistent course is
followed until then.
Germany's energy in 2050 will probably come from a broad renewable energy mix
(Figure 4.10). Because of the country's geographical situation, the potential for
hydropower will be quite low. In addition to indigenous renewable energies, the
import of reasonably priced solar power from sunny regions will probably also
contribute towards providing safe and cost-effective energy.
non-energetic
demand
16
%
hydro power
1
%
wind power
9
%
renewable
hydrogen
14
%
photovoltaics
7
%
heat pumps
8
%
solar thermal
10
%
solar import
7
%
geothermal
12
%
biomass 16
%
Figure 4.10
Possible share of renewable energies in primary energy consumption in
2050 in Germany.
4.3.2 Electricity Generation Totally Without Nuclear and
Fossil Power Plants
Whereas a big decline is expected in overall primary energy use in Germany over
the next few decades, electricity consumption will probably remain constant. The
potential to reduce electricity requirements is also high. However, the trend towards
always having more and more new electrical appliances and the increased use of
heating pumps and electric cars will cancel out this potential.
The changeover to renewable energy supply has already begun in the electricity
sector. In 1990 hydropower, with its share of around 3%, was the only energy
source worth mentioning in this area. In the next 15 years this was followed by
wind power, biomass use and, more recently, photovoltaics. These had already
amassed a 15% share by 2008. Renewable energies should be able to replace nuclear
energy by 2020, and by 2050 virtually cover all of Germany's electricity needs
(Figure 4.11 ).
There may be little potential for hydropower in Germany, but wind power and
photovoltaics do offer good possibilities. Theoretically, either wind power or pho-
tovoltaics alone could potentially satisfy the country's entire demand for electricity.
