Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.3. Values of ecosystem services in agricultural systems: assumptions and indicative estimates.
Ecosystem Service
Proxy Variable(s)
Valuation Method
Key Assumptions
Units
Value(s)
Source
Pest regulation (soy
aphid)
Corn area in 1.5-km
radius
Production function
and input cost
Crop yield response known to proxy
variable. Prices 2005-2008
$ ha
−1
yr
−1
$20-39 (IPM
a
)
$70-264 (no
insecticides)
(Landis et al.
2008)
Pest regulation (soy
aphid)
Natural enemies and
aphids per soy plant
Production function
and input cost
Crop yield response known to proxy
variable
$ ha
−1
yr
−1
for 1st NE
b
plant
−1
$4-33
(Zhang 2012)
Recreation (swim,
ish)
Rivers near
agricultural land
parcels
Hedonic analysis of
land prices
Regression model fully speciied;
Data: Agric. land in southwest
Michigan 2003-2007
% change in price km
−1
distance
3-9% of agric.
land price
(Ma and Swinton
2011)
Recreation (hunting)
Hunting access to
10% of agric. land in
southern Michigan
Travel cost
Full accounting of travel costs to hunt;
Data: Hunter mail survey, Michigan
2003
$ trip
−1
yr
−1
$1.90-2.20
(Knoche and Lupi
2007)
Flood regulation,
native habitat
Wetland % area in
1.5-km radius of
agric. land parcels
Hedonic analysis of
land prices
Regression model fully speciied;
Data: Agric. land in southwest
Michigan 2003-2007
% price change per %
change in wetland area
2-4% of agric.
land price
(Ma and Swinton
2011)
Water-quality
regulation
Eutrophic lake
number
Contingent valuation
Respondents fully understand scenario;
Regression model fully speciied;
Data: Survey Michigan residents, 2009
$ hhd
−1
lake
−1
yr
−1
kept
noneutrophic
0.45
c
(Chen 2010)
Water-quality
regulation; Climate
regulation; Nutrient
cycling
Changed crop mgmt.
practices (one of four
crop systems) with
additionality
Contingent valuation
Respondents fully understand scenario;
Regression model fully speciied;
Data: Survey Michigan corn/soy
farmers, 2008, and Mich. residents,
2009
$ ha
−1
yr
−1
$30-67
(Ma 2011)
a
Integrated Pest Management (IPM; includes insecticides when pest density exceeds economic threshold).
b
Natural Enemy (NE; roughly equivalent to multicolored Asian lady beetle,
Harmonia axyridis
).
c
This marginal value at the median was jointly determined with $141 hhd
−1
yr
−1
among the 40% of respondent households that were concerned about global warming for a 1% reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions from the level in 2000.
Note
: hhd = household.
