Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 14.2
. Sampling locations at the KBS LTER Main Cropping System Experiment
(MCSE) where acoustic tape recorders were deployed from May 18 to July 15, 2005
and set to record six times per day. A = Alfalfa, P = Poplar, C = Coniferous Forest,
S = Mid-successional, D = Deciduous Forest.
greatly among the sampling sites (Table 14.2). Fewer bird species were detected
in the Alfalfa and Poplar systems than in the Coniferous Forest, Deciduous Forest,
and Mid-successional communities. Bird species richness was positively correlated
with the number of bird vocalizations (Fig. 14.3). A maximum frequency range
of 3 kHz occurred in the Coniferous Forest and Deciduous Forest sites, whereas
the maximum frequency range in the Alfalfa, Poplar, and Mid-successional com-
munity sites reached 5 kHz, showing that in these recordings, the overall acoustic
frequency was lower in forests than in the agricultural (open habitat) communities
(Table 14.2).
Use of Wireless and Wired Technology to Record, Transmit, and
Interpret Acoustic Observations
Acoustic Sensor Technology Development
We designed and developed an Automated Acoustic Observatory System (AAOS)
in 2007 utilizing a low-power sensor platform, a local server, wireless technol-
ogy, and a remote server. Figure 14.4 illustrates the conceptual framework for
placing automated acoustic recorders in remote locations for month-long or lon-
ger periods, making automated sound recordings at intervals of minutes to hours,
with periodic transmissions to a remote server. The AAOS consists of four compo-
nents (Fig. 14.4): (A) acoustic recorders in the field that record sounds at frequent
