Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
region, particularly where groundwater serves as a water supply for people,
but passage of water through streams, wetlands, and lakes can remove much
of the NO
3
−
.
Landscapes similar to KBS are common across the upper U.S. Midwest, as well
as in northern Europe. Agricultural row crops, in particular, annual crops that are
heavily fertilized, produce notable effects on water quality that extend through water
flow paths to groundwater, streams, rivers, wetlands, and lakes. The groundwater
flow path introduces a protracted time lag for the movement of contaminants from
the land surface to streams and lakes (Hamilton 2012). Urban and residential devel-
opment further alters water quality in myriad ways, and those effects are superim-
posed on the water-quality patterns described here. The long-term, landscape-level
research described here provides the foundation for understanding natural patterns
in water quality and the influence of agricultural activities on groundwater and sur-
face waters; such an understanding is essential for better management of water and
water quality for human and ecological benefits.
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