Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1. Description of the KBS LTER Main Cropping System Experiment (MCSE)
a
Cropping System/
Community
Dominant Growth Form
Management
Annual Cropping Systems
Conventional (T1)
Herbaceous annual
Prevailing norm for tilled corn-soybean-
winter wheat (c-s-w) rotation; standard
chemical inputs, chisel-plowed, no cover
crops, no manure or compost
No-till (T2)
Herbaceous annual
Prevailing norm for no-till c-s-w rotation;
standard chemical inputs, permanent no-till, no
cover crops, no manure or compost
Reduced Input (T3)
Herbaceous annual
Biologically based c-s-w rotation managed
to reduce synthetic chemical inputs;
chisel-plowed, winter cover crop of red clover
or annual rye, no manure or compost
Biologically Based (T4)
Herbaceous annual
Biologically based c-s-w rotation managed
without synthetic chemical inputs;
chisel-plowed, mechanical weed control, winter
cover crop of red clover or annual rye, no
manure or compost; USDA-certified organic
Perennial Cropping Systems
Alfalfa (T6)
Herbaceous perennial
5- to 6-year rotation with winter wheat as a
1-year break crop
Poplar (T5)
Woody perennial
Hybrid poplar trees on a ca. 10-year harvest
cycle, either replanted or coppiced after harvest
Coniferous Forest (CF)
Woody perennial
Planted conifers periodically thinned
Successional and Reference Communities
Early Successional (T7)
Herbaceous perennial
Historically tilled cropland abandoned in
1988; unmanaged but for annual spring burn to
control woody species
Mown Grassland (never
tilled) (T8)
Herbaceous perennial
Cleared woodlot (late 1950s) never tilled,
unmanaged but for annual fall mowing to
control woody species
Mid-successional (SF)
Herbaceous annual +
woody perennial
Historically tilled cropland abandoned ca. 1955;
unmanaged, with regrowth in transition to forest
Deciduous Forest (DF)
Woody perennial
Late successional native forest never cleared
(two sites) or logged once ca. 1900 (one site);
unmanaged
a
Codes that have been used throughout the project's history are given in parentheses.
predicted, simulated (Basso and Ritchie 2015, Chapter 10 in this volume), and
extended to row-crop ecosystems in general.
The four annual KBS LTER cropping systems are corn-soybean-winter wheat
rotations managed to reflect a gradient of synthetic chemical inputs:
• The Conventional system (T1) represents the management system practiced
by most farmers in the region: standard varieties planted with conventional
