Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.4. Indicator species in (A) untilled and (B) annually tilled treatments, both
with (fert) and without (no fert [control]) N fertilization, in the disturbance by
N-fertilization experiment in the MCSE Early Successional system.
Species a
Indicator
Group a
Unfertilized
Plots
(% total
biomass) a
Fertilized
Plots
(% total
biomass) a
Life
History b
Life
Form b
Native
or
Introduced b
(A) Untilled (Perennial-dominated community)
Solidago canadensis
Fert
25.90
36.87
P
F
N
Phleum pretense
No fert
10.06
2.70
P
G(C 3 )
I
Trifolium pretense
No fert
7.80
0.66
P
L
I
Apocynum cannabinum Fert
6.02
8.98
P
F
N
Elymus repens
Fert
4.57
6.43
P
G(C 3 )
I
Hieracium spp.
No fert
1.31
0.01
P
F
I
Achilleamilli folium
No fert
0.95
0.21
P
F
N
Hypericum perforatum
No fert
0.88
0.24
P
F
I
Rumex crispus
Fert
0.85
2.72
P
F
I
Trifolium hybridum
No fert
0.84
0.06
P
L
I
Poa compressa
No fert
0.83
0.07
P
G(C 3 )
I
Potentilla recta
No fert
0.72
0.21
P
F
I
Lotus corniculatus
No fert
0.60
0.00
P
L
I
Solidago juncea
No fert
0.54
0.00
P
F
N
Trifolium repens
No fert
0.19
0.03
P
L
I
Melandrium album
Fert
0.15
2.03
P
F
I
Asclepias syriaca
Fert
0.14
1.33
P
F
N
Ambrosia artemisifolia
Fert
0.07
0.41
A
F
I
Chenopodium album
Fert
0.00
0.13
A
F
I
Lactuca serriola
Fert
0.00
0.09
A/B
F
I
Rubus occidentalis
Fert
0.00
1.97
P
F
N
(B) Tilled (Annual-dominated community)
Setaria faberi
Fert
47.80
59.46
A
G(C 4 )
I
Chenopodium album
Fert
12.22
15.58
A
F
I
Ambrosia artemisifolia
Fert
6.96
8.69
A
F
I
Amaranthus retroflexus Fert
1.38
3.27
A
F
N
Apocynum cannabinum No fert
0.59
0.01
P
F
N
Panicum capillare
No fert
0.25
0.02
A
G(C 3 )
N
Erigeron annuus
No fert
0.22
0.01
A
F
I
Echinochloa crus-galli
Fert
0.12
0.81
A
G(C 3 )
I
Taraxacum officinale
No fert
0.12
0.01
P
F
N,I
a All species were significant indicator species (at p  = 0.01) in a given treatment. For both treatments, species are
listed in rank order (most to least % total biomass) in the control (No Fert) plots. Percentage total biomass determined
from the average biomass over 18 years (1992-2009). Species names are accepted nomenclature (USDA PLANTS
Proile:  http://plants.usda.gov ).
b Life history, life form, and native status determined from databases (e.g., USDA PLANTS) and field observations;
A = annual, B = biennial, P = perennial; F = forb, G = grass (C 3 or C 4 ), L = legume; and Native = N; Introduced = I.
See also Cleland et al. (2008).
 
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