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top concept
+Accuracy
+Confidentiality
Manage[account]
SecureForm/HttpsForm[order]
PasswordProtection[account]
KeywordSearch[product]
SSL[protocol]
bottom concept
Fig. 15.
Sliced concept lattice showing subconcept-superconcept relations
role in analyzing trade-offs, preferences, and priorities on various concepts pre-
sented in goal models. A useful technique is to have a slice of interested concepts,
i.e., stakeholder concerns, projected from the whole context. Our heuristic is to
analyze softgoal fulfillment in a bottom-up way (subconcept to superconcept),
and to select concrete operationalizations top-down. This is because fulfillment
of subconcept infers fulfillment of superconcept, and selection of superconcept
infers selection of one or more subconcepts.
To illustrate subconcept-superconcept relations, a sliced concept lattice for
media shop is shown in Fig. 15. By definition [cf. (3) and (4) in Sect. 4.1],
the concept labeled with “+Confidentiality” is a subconcept of the one named
“+Accuracy”. This indicates that in the media shop context, all the tasks that
positively contribute to the “Confidentiality” aspect will have positive contribu-
tions to “Accuracy”. In another word, if the softgoal “Confidentiality” is achieved
by the intended software, so is “Accuracy”. However, if for some reason, e.g.,
due to conflicting requirements, “Confidentiality” cannot be satisficed, we still
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