DYNAMICS AND ENERGETICS OF THE M2 SURFACE AND INTERNAL TIDES IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: SOME MODEL RESULTS - Energy Research Developments: Tidal Energy, Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy - page 81

our case, the normal derivations of horizontal velocity, temperature, salinity, TKE and
turbulence scale at the open boundary are also taken as zero. The latter condition follows
from the Orlansky radiation condition if the rate of signal propagation is sufficiently large.
The drag coefficient in the quadratic resistance law, parameterizing the bottom stress, is
assumed to be equal to its standard value (0.003). At the solid boundary, the no-slip condition
for the normal component and the slip condition for the tangential component of velocity and
integral transport are specified. At the initial time instant, the condition of the rest for
velocity, the condition of horizontal uniformity for temperature and salinity, and the condition
of the lack of relict turbulence are prescribed.
The depths are taken from 1-minute database IBCAO (Figure 1); tidal sea surface level
elevations at the open boundary, from the high-resolution Arctic tidal model [Padman and
Erofeeva, 2004]. The horizontal grid resolution is assumed to be varying from 2.7 km near the
coast and bottom uplifts to 25 km in the open ocean. The ocean is divided into 40 layers of
the non-uniform vertical span, determining the vertical resolution. The time step is 11.178 s.
The vertical profile of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency is computed using the data on temperature
and salinity, that are contained in [Joint US-Russian Allas, 1997]. The remaining model
parameters are specified the same as in the original version of the model.
Figure 1. Bottom topography (m) in the Arctic Ocean.Dashed line is the open boundary; solid line is the
section, going across the ITW generation sites; solid circles are the ground-based gauge stations where
the sea surface level measurements are produced and which are used to verify the model parameters for
tidal sea surface level elevations. Crosses (white and black) indicate the locations of sites at Amundsen
Trough and Lomonosov Ridge, mentioned in the text.