Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Appendix. Physical Properties of Seawater
Density (kg/m3)
ρ
T
,
C
)
=
1002
.
28
−
0
18302
×
T
+
703
.
13
×
C
−
0
32954
×
C
×
T
Boiling point elevation (oC)
−
2
−
4
2
(
0
9576
+
0
8189
×
10
×
T
+
0
1647
×
10
×
T
)
×
C
BPE
(
T
,
C
)
=
−
0
05
+
0
114
Latent heat of vaporization (kcal/kg)
3
−
4
2
−
5
3
L
(
T
)
=
0
5976
×
10
−
0
565
×
T
+
0
7828
×
10
×
T
−
0
2859
×
10
×
T
Specific heat at constant pressure (kcal/kgoC)
C
=
1
0022
−
0
6405
×
10
−
4
×
T
−
1
14185
×
C
+
6
0118
×
10
−
3
×
T
×
C
+
p
2
109
×
10
−
6
×
T
2
+
2
1753
×
C
2
+
1
5937
×
10
−
2
×
T
×
C
2
−
0
135
×
10
−
2
×
T
×
C
The temperature T is in
o
C and the salt concentration C is in kg /kg water.
References
[1]
El-Nashar, A.M., “Economics of small solar-assisted multiple-effect stack distillation
plants”,
Desalination.
130
(2000) 201-215
[2]
El-Nashar, A.M., “Predicting part-load performance of small MED evaporators- a
simple simulation program and its experimental verification”,
Desalination
.
130
(2000)
217-234
[3]
El-Nashar, A.M., “The economic feasibility of small solar MED seawater desalination
plants for remote arid areas”,
Desalination.
134
(2001) 173-186
[4]
El-Nashar, A.M., “Validating the performance simulation program “SOLDES” using
data from an operating solar desalination plant”,
Desalination.
130
(2000) 235-253
[5]
ENAA & WED, Research and development cooperation on a solar energy desalination
plant, Final Report, 1986.
[6]
Fosselard, G. and Wangnick, K. “Comprehensive study on capital and operational
expenditures for different types of seawater desalting plants (RO, MVC, ME, ME-TVC,
MSF) rated between 200 m
3
/day and 3000 m
3
/day”, Proceeding Fourth World Congress
on Desalination and Water Reuse, Vol. IV, Kuwait 4-8, 1989
[7]
Garcia-Rodriguez and Gomez-Camacho, C., “Design parameter selection for a
distillation system coupled to a solar parabolic trough collector”,
Desalination.
122
(1999) 195-204
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