Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Nomenclature
collector absorber area (m
2
)
A
c
boiling point elevation,
o
C
BPE
C
b
capital cost of steam generator, $
c
barrel
cost of 1 barrel of oil, $
specific collector cost, $/m
2
c
col
C
dg
capital cost of diesel generator, $
C
ev
capital cost of evaporator, $
C
st
capital cost of heat storage tank, $
C
tot
total capital cost of plant, $
c
f
cost of 1 liter of fuel, $
c
w1
cost of water from a solar MED plant
c
w2
cost of water from a conventional MED plant
d
i
insulation thickness of pipe i
F
o
fuel cost in the first year of plant operation, $
g
f
fuel cost annual escalation rate
g
om
annual escalation rate for O&M expenses
H
height of collector header box (m)
h
solar altitude (rad)
h
N
solar altitude measured with respect to collector plane (rad)
solar radiation on horizontal surface (kcal/h m
2
)
I
solar radiation at the outer limit of the atmosphere (kcal/h m
2
)
I
0
beam component of solar radiation (kcal/h m
2
)
I
b
diffuse component of solar radiation (kcal/h m
2
)
I
d
solar radiation on tilted surface (kcal/h m
2
)
I
t
k
interest rate
L
pitch of absorber plate (m), also latent heat of vaporization (kcal/kg)
l
width of absorber plate (m)
l
i
length of pipe i, m
m
mass flow rate (kg /s)
m
d
product flow rate ((kg/ s)
heat storage capacity, m
3
m
st
m
s
steam flow rate, ton/hr
N
No. of effects; also lifetime in years
OM
o
O&M cost in the first year of plant operation, $
P
pump power (kW), atmospheric transmittance
P
ev
pumping power of MED evaporator, kW
P
vac
pumping power of vacuum pump, kW
P
c
power of heat collecting pump, kW
P
hw
power of heating water pump, kW
P
b
power of steam generator pump, kW
P
1
total power of solar MED plant, kW
P
2
total power of conventional MED plant, kW
PF
plant factor
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