Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
o
Anti-corrosive (Nalco 2000)
1.9 $/kg
o
Seawater disinfection (NaClO)
0.40 $/kg
o
Caustic soda
1.78 $/kg
o
Sodiun bisulfite
0.97 $/kg
o
Coagulant
3.4 $/kg
o
Calcium chloride
.0.81 $/kg
Chemical consumption for the solar MED plant were estimated from the following
assumptions:
o
Belgard EV
to be added to the feed water at 10 ppm
o
Nalco 2000
to be added at 7,000 ppm to the makeup
water, amounting to 30% of the accumulator
capacity per year.
o
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
to be added to intake seawater at 18 ppm
o
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
to be added to product water at 2 ppm
o
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO
3
)
to be added to product water at 23 ppm
o
Calcium chloride (CaCl
2
)
to be added to product water at 18 ppm
11.3.2. Electrical Energy Consumption
Electrical energy consumption by the solar-MED and conventional MED systems are
provided by a diesel-generator of appropriate capacity.
•
Fuel consumption of diesel generator
3.0 kWh per liter of diesel oil
•
Cost of one liter of diesel oil (c
f
)
c
barrel
/167 $/liter
•
One barrel of oil
= 167 liter
•
Cost of one barrel of oil
50 -120 $/barrel
•
Cost of electricity
= c
f
/3.0 $/kWh
kWh/m
3
product water
•
Electricity consumption (solar MED)
kWh/m
3
product water
•
Electricity consumption (conv. MED)
The electrical power required by the solar MED plant consists of the following
components:
•
Pumping power for the evaporator which is given by:
−
5
2
(73)
P
=
(
4
.
805
+
0
.
094
×
m
−
2
.
1
×
10
m
)
×
(
2
.
1
+
0
.
06
×
PR
)
/
2
.
88
ev
d
d
•
Power of the vacuum pump
−
6
2
P
=
−
1
866
+
0
057
×
m
−
2
×
10
×
m
(74)
vac
d
d
•
Power of the heat collecting pump
A
1
13
−
2
P
=
[
83
.
×
(
c
)]
×
2
.
691
×
10
(75)
c
1862
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