NORTH AMERICAN OIL SANDS: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - Energy Research Developments: Tidal Energy, Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy - page 310

[27] The Influence of Interfacial Tension in the Hot-Water Process for Recovering Bitumen
From the Athabasca Oil Sands, by L.L. Schramm, E.N. Stasiuk, and D. Turner,
presented at the Canadian International Petroleum Conference, paper 2001-136, June
2001.
[28] Syncrude Canada Ltd. when first organized as a consortium of major oil companies
comprised: Imperial Oil (an affiliate of Exxon), Atlantic Richfield (ARCO), Royalite Oil
(later combined with Gulf Canada), and Cities Services R&D (See The Syncrude Story,
p. 5). Its ownership has changed over the years as indicated in the text. Its current
ownership structure is as follows: Canadian Oil Sands Ltd. (31.74%), Imperial Oil
(25%), Petro- Canada Oil and Gas (12%), Conoco Phillips Oil Sands Partnership II
(9.03%), Nexen Inc. (7.23%), Murphy Oil Co. Ltd. (5%), Mocal Energy Ltd. (5%) and
the Canadian Oil Sands Limited Partnership (5%).
[29] GCOS, Ltd., was later renamed Suncor.
[30] A Billion Barrels for Canada, The Syncrude Story, pp. 44-45.
[31] The Alberta Energy Company (AEC) was created by the government of Alberta in 1975.
Fifty percent was publicly owned. The government phased out is equity interest and in
1993 sold its remaining interest. The AEC and PanCanadian Energy Corporation merged
in 2002 and became EnCana. EnCana sold its interest in Syncrude in 2003. For more
details see Alexander's Oil and Gas Connection, “Company News North America,”
January 15, 2004.
[32] The Syncrude Story, pp. 72-73.
[33] Ibid, p. 98-99.
[34] Ibid, p.104
[35] Ibid, p. 122.
[36] Ibid, p. 136.
[37] The Alberta Energy Research Institute: Strategic Research Plan, 2003.
[38] ARC, Guide to the ARC, 2001-02. The ARC's more recent focus on developing in-situ
technologies is beginning to shift back to surface mining R&D. They believe that their
role is to help many of the newcomers to the industry develop “best practices”
technology. The ARC sees itself as an ongoing player in the R&D business because of
the huge challenges related to environmental quality, cost reductions, and the need for
new upgrading technologies and refinery expansions.
[39] Oil Sands Technology Roadmap, p. 20.
[40] Oil Sands Industry Update, AED, June 2006, p. 7.
[41] Oil Sands Technology Roadmap: Unlocking the Potential, Alberta Chamber of
Resources, January 2004 p. 23.
[42] According to the National Energy Board Report, one thousand cubic feet of natural gas
is required per barrel of bitumin for SAGD operations. Canada's Oil Sands, May 2004.
[43] Canada's Oil Sands, June 2006 p. 4.
[44] Canada's Oil Sands, Opportunities and Challenges to 2015, An Energy Market
Assessment, May 2004, National Energy Board, Canada, p. 108.
[45] Canada's Oil Sands, June 2006.
[46] Overview of Canada's Oil Sands, TD Securities, January 2004, p. 19.
[47] NEB, June 2006, pp. 20-21.
[48] COS, 2004, p. 9.
[49] COS, 2006, p. 5.