Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Comparisons of
γ
sl0
(T
m
) among the model predictions
γ
sl0
by
Eq. (2.13),
γ
TS
by Eq. (2.14), and
γ
exp
[33-40]
V
0
(cm
3
/g-
atom)
H
m
(kJ/g-
atom)
S
vib
(J/g-
atom K)
γ
sl0
γ
TS
γ
exp
ρ
liq
ρ
s
h
(nm)
T
m
(K)
Δ
V
/
V
(%)
(mJ/m
2
)
(g/cm
3
)
Ti
216
234
0.290
4.11
10.6
15.5
1943
3.2
6.80
V
364
354
0.262
5.56
8.8
20.9
2175
5.2
7.86
Cr
272
326
0.250
6.28
7.20
7.2
16.9
2130
7.2
6.08
Mn
243
246
0.273
5.73
7.4
12.1
1517
1.7
7.26
Fe
236
276
221
0.248
7.01
7.1
13.8
1809
3.4
6.47
Co
353
338
0.251
7.76
6.7
16.1
1768
3.5
7.85
326
Ni
421
367
0.249
7.91
6.6
17.2
1726
5.4
8.11
270
Cu
297
261
0.256
8.00
7.1
13.0
1358
4.2
7.75
Zn
137
122
141
0.267
6.58
9.2
7.3
693
4.3
8.60
Zr
192
208
0.318
6.24
14.1
16.9
2125
3.5
6.69
Nb
402
400
0.286
7.62
8.55
10.9
26.4
2740
5.5
7.73
Mo
626
533
0.273
9.00
10.2
9.4
32.0
2890
6.4
9.01
Tc
441
425
0.270
10.2
11.5
8.5
24.0
2473
5.8
7.74
Ru
431
434
0.265
10.7
12.2
8.3
24.0
2523
7.0
7.51
Rh
387
391
0.269
10.7
12.4
8.3
21.5
2236
8.9
7.41
Pd
311
304
0.275
10.5
8.9
17.6
1825
5.9
7.64
Ag
199
176
0.289
9.34
10.3
11.3
1234
3.8
7.82
Cd
92
81
0.298
8.02
13.1
6.1
594
3.8
8.87
Hf
341
310
0.313
11.9
13.1
13.7
24.0
2500
3.2
8.45
Ta
472
477
0.286
14.6
16.6
10.9
31.6
3287
6.7
7.60
W
511
582
0.274
16.2
19.3
9.5
35.4
3680
12
6.62
Re
541
581
0.274
18.0
21.0
8.8
33.2
3453
9.7
6.91
Os
525
572
0.268
19.2
22.4
8.5
31.8
3300
9.7
6.93
Ir
468
464
0.271
20.0
22.5
8.6
26.0
2716
5.5
7.67
Pt
336
333
0.278
19.0
9.1
19.6
2045
6.6
7.58
Au
215
201
0.288
17.4
10.2
12.5
1338
5.2
7.62
270±10
190
Hg 29 28 0.301 13.4 14.8 2.3 234 3.7 8.51
In 35 38 0.325 7.02 15.7 3.3 430 2.7 6.70
Tl 39 45 0.341 11.2 17.2 4.2 577 3.2 6.13
Pb 48 49 40±7
0.350 10.7 18.2 4.8 601 3.6 6.77
Se 72 78 0.232 3.99 4.80 16.5 6.7 494 13 10.2
Al 151 170 149 0.286 2.39 10.0 10.8 933 6.15
Sn 89 79 62±10 0.281 7.00 16.7 7.0 505 9.22
Ga 87 76 0.244 6.09 11.8 5.6 303 10.1
Ge 412 453 0.245 5.60 13.6 31.8 1210 9.40
Si 738 672 332
0.235 2.51 12.1 50.0 1685 10.3
Sb 185 200 0.290 6.48 18.2 19.7 904 7.80
Te 158 168 0.286 5.71 20.5 17.5 723 8.65
Bi 88 101 55~80
0.309 10.1 21.3 10.9 545 7.20
Li 31 38 30
0.304 0.51 13.1 3.0 454 2.2 5.77
Na 19 22 20 0.372 0.94 23.7 2.6 371 2.5 6.15
K 11 13 0.454 0.83 45.5 2.3 336 2.6 6.06
Rb 10 11 0.495 1.46 55.9 2.2 313 2.5 6.17
Cs 8 9 0.531 1.84 71.1 2.1 302 2.6 6.06
Be 287 303 0.223 1.69 1.85 5.0 12.2 1560 2.5 6.96
Mg 115 113 0.320 1.59 14.0 8.7 922 3.6 8.15
Ca 60 61 0.395 1.37 26.2 8.5 1112 4.1 6.24
Sr 56 58 0.430 2.37 2.60 33.7 8.3 1041 2.7 7.06
Ba 45 49 0.435 3.20 3.50 39.2 7.8 1002 2.4 6.94
Ref 43 43-44 43 43 43 45
S
vib
is determined by Eq. (2.10-b) for Al and Sn, by Eq. (2.10-c) for Ga, by Eq. (2.11) for Ge, Si, Sb, Te and
Bi. Since
S
el
of Si, Sb, Te and Bi are unknown,
S
el
/
S
m
for these semiconductors are assumed to be the
same as that for Ge with
S
el
= 16.8 J/g-atom K [26].
S
vib
for the rest elements is determined by Eq. (2.10-
a).
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