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Figure 14. Antiphonary of the Middle of the XII
Century, with an Example of Plainchant Score
Figure 15. Screenshots of the Plainchant Com-
position and Editing System
other systems exist. Even though they are more
specialized, they are often necessary for compos-
ers, interprets, pedagogues, etc. We present three
of these notations (for plainchant scores, drum
tablatures and stringed-instrument tablatures),
and highlight the genericity of the presented ap-
proach by showing how it is exploited to generate
the corresponding composition and editing pen-
based systems.
About 80 rules have been written in order to
develop this system. The duration of the analysis
process, that is, the duration between the moment
when the user raises the pen and the moment when
the corresponding neatly retranscribed symbol is
displayed, is mostly less than 400 milliseconds,
and always less than one second. We, as well as
musicians, believe that it is short enough to be
considered as quasi-instantaneous and to not
disturb the user.
We would like to notice that our software
does not constrain the user to write semantically
correct notations. For instance, the user can draw
any number of notes in any measure. Naturally,
such functionality could be added.
Musical score notations used traditionally for
classical and popular music is not the only one:
plainchant score notations
The “Plainchant”, or “Gregorian singing”, is a
type of occidental music, essentially based on
a cappella singing. Generally, it is not written
with the classical musical notations. Staves are
constituted of only four lines and have one key.
Notes are replaced by squares or diamonds isolated
or gathered in
neumes
, which are short melodic
figures executed in one breathing. Figure 14 pres-
Figure 17. Screenshot of the stringed-instrument
tablature composition and editing prototype:
example of a simple document
Figure 16. Screenshot of the drum tablature com-
position and editing system
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