Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 1-4 Common wire nails. The standard nail for general
use is regularly made in sizes from 1 inch (2d) to 6 inches (60d).
spikes take tremendous pulling power. In one test it was found that
a spike
3
/
2
inches into seasoned yellow
pine required 2000 pounds of force for extraction. And the denser
the material, the more difficult the extraction is. The same spike
required 4000 pounds of force to be withdrawn from oak and 6000
pounds from well-seasoned locust.
/
8
inch in diameter driven 3
1
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