Mathematics for Carpenters and Builders - Carpenter's and Builder's Math, Plans, and Specifications - page 142

The cubic meter is the unit used for measuring ordinary solids,
such as excavations or embankments (see Table 5-20).

Table 5-20 Metric Table of Cubic Measure

Measure Equivalent Equivalent

1000 cubic millimeters 1 cubic centimeter 0.061 + cubic

(mm 3 )

inches

+

1000 cubic centimeters 1 cubic decimeter 61.026 cubic

(cm 3 )

inches

1000 cubic decimeters 1 cubic meter 35.316 + cubic

(dm 3 ) feet

The liter is the unit of capacity, both of liquid and of dry measures,
and is equivalent to a vessel whose volume is equal to a cube whose
edge is 1

/ 10 of a meter, equal to 1.0567 quarts liquid measure, and
0.9081 quart dry measure (see Table 5-21).
The hectoliter is the unit used for measuring liquids, grain, fruit,
and roots in large quantities. The gram is the unit of weight equal
to the weight of a cube of distilled water, the edge of which is 1

/ 100

of a meter, and is equal to 15.432 troy grains (see Table 5-22).

Geometry
By definition, geometry is that branch of mathematics that deals
with space and figures in space. In other words, it is the science
of the mutual relations of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids
that are considered as having no properties except those arising from
extension and difference of situation.

Lines
The two kinds of lines are straight and curved. A straight line is
the shortest distance between two points. A curved line is one that
changes its direction at every point. Two lines are said to be parallel
when they have the same direction. A horizontal line is one paral-
lel to the horizon or surface of the Earth. A line is perpendicular
with another line when they are at right angles to each other. These
definitions are illustrated in Figure 5-9.

Angles
An angle is the difference in direction between two lines proceed-
ing from the same point (called the vertex ). Angles are said to be
right (90 degrees) when formed by two perpendicular lines (see