EU Scenarios for a Sustainable RES Strategy - The Sustainability of Renewable Energy in Europe - page 127

Table 5.4 Social welfare function simulation: photovoltaics, target year 2020. (Source: Our elabo-
ration from Eurostat ( 2014 ))

Country Target quantity

to 2020 (%)

Historical cost
(%)

Simulated cost
(%)

Cost differential
(%)

Austria 0.367 0.417 0.356 0.853

Belgium 1.366 1.306 1.378 1.056

Bulgaria 0.544 0.473 0.738 1.558

Cyprus 0.371 0.232 0.100 0.430

Czech Republic 2.070 3.364 3.093 0.919

Denmark 0.005 0.003 0.003 1.085

Estonia 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.620

Finland 0.001 0.001 0.002 1.631

France 7.091 6.668 5.336 0.800

Germany 49.633 59.926 55.863 0.932

Greece 3.467 2.405 2.925 1.216

Hungary 0.097 0.078 0.094 1.207

Ireland 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.957

Italy 11.572 7.904 8.603 1.088

Latvia 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.951

Lithuania 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.927

Luxembourg 0.101 0.044 0.053 1.207

Malta 0.052 0.037 0.048 1.293

The Netherlands 0.684 0.489 0.634 1.296

Poland 0.004 0.002 0.003 1.334

Portugal 1.769 1.010 1.318 1.306

Romania 0.384 0.269 0.307 1.141

Slovakia 0.360 0.375 0.342 0.912

Slovenia 0.167 0.093 0.117 1.266

Spain 17.168 12.232 16.061 1.313

Sweden 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.993

UK 2.686 2.621 2.578 0.984

particular, the function is used to simulate costs and allocation between EU coun-
tries of a fixed quantity target of RES. We take for example the target of photovolta-
ics to 2020 given by 2020 climate and energy package. Given the target to 2020 of
83390 GWh of photovoltaics production, we have simulated the optimal allocation
among the EU 27 members, according to their relative price (LCOE) of production 4
(Table 5.4 ).

4 We compute different LCOE for each technology in each country, since each country is charac-
terized by a different level of solar radiation, wind intensity, and biomass productivity.