Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.1
World RES use by type and scenario. (Source: IEA
2014a
)
New policies
scenario
Current policies
scenario
450 scenario
2012
2020
2040
2020
2040
2020
2040
Primary demand
(Mtoe)
1802.0
2254.0
3455.0
2223.0
3095.0
2276.0
4658.0
USA
136.0
186.0
346.0
181.0
290.0
188.0
555.0
European Union
198.0
263.0
390.0
255.0
351.0
267.0
504.0
China
316.0
410.0
589.0
397.0
501.0
414.0
842.0
Share of global total
primary energy
demand
13 %
15 %
19 %
15 %
15 %
16 %
30 %
Electricity generation
(TWh)
4807.0
7263.0
13,229.0
7010.0
11,046.0
7329.0
17,973.0
Bioenergy
442.0
764.0
1569.0
740.0
1299.0
768.0
2261.0
Hydro
3672.0 4553.0 6222.0
4458.0 5862.0
4561.0 6943.0
Wind
521.0
1333.0 3345.0
1254.0 2552.0
1376.0 4953.0
Geothermal
70.0
120.0
378.0
113.0
287.0
121.0
557.0
Solar photovoltaic
97.0
449.0
1 291
408.0
832.0
459.0
1 982
Concentrating solar
power
5.0
41.0
357.0
34.0
173.0
42.0
1 158
Marina
1.0
3.0
66.0
3.0
41.0
3.0
119.0
Share of total
generation
21 %
26 %
33 %
25 %
25 %
27 %
51 %
Heat demand
a
345
431
716
431
670
450
932
Industry
198
242
367
246
381
249
447
Buildings and
agriculture
147
189
348
185
289
201
485
Share of total final
demand
10 %
11 %
16 %
11 %
14 %
12 %
23 %
Biofuels (mboe/d
b
)
1.3
2.2
4.6
1.8
3.6
2.1
8.7
Road transport
1.3
2.2
4.5
1.8
3.6
2.1
7.2
Aviation
-
-
0.0
-
0.0
-
1.5
Share of total transport 2 %
4 %
6 %
3 %
5 %
4 %
20 %
Traditional biomass
(Mtoe)
758
755
648
760
671
750
633
Share of total
bioenergy
56 %
49 %
32 %
49 %
35 %
48 %
25 %
Share of RES energy
demand
42 %
34 %
19 %
34 %
22 %
33 %
14 %
a
excludes traditional biomass
b
million barrels of oil equivalent per day
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