Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
biodiesel in 2012 and 417,600 toe of bioethanol, bringing the total consumption to
2.7174 million toe. The consumption of biofuels in France is therefore increased
by 12 % from 1 year to the next. The rate of incorporation of transportation on the
French mainland is 6.8 %, one of the highest rates in Europe. In September 2012,
the government filed a new action plan for agriculture by establishing that the in-
corporation rate of first-generation biofuels may not exceed 7 %. The target of 10 %
should be achieved through business development, biofuels based on waste col-
lection, waste, algae, or residual cellulose and through the development of electric
vehicles or hydrogen powered.
The UK has experienced a substantial drop in the consumption of biofuels
amounted to 15.9 % between 2011 and 2012 (from 1056 ktoe in 2011 to 888 ktoe
in 2012). Specifically, there have been used 634 million L of biodiesel (31 % less
than in 2011) and 775 million L of ethanol (19 % more) in 2012. The consump-
tion of biodiesel and bioethanol has lined up as the share of the energy content of
biodiesel decreased from 72.3 % in 2010 to 69.0 % in 2011, reaching up to 56.2 %
in 2012. The Department of Energy and Climate Change attributes this English
decline in the consumption of biodiesel in legislative changes from April 2012.
Spain is among the countries that have maintained a strong growth in its consump-
tion of biofuels in 2012, where in transport about 1719-209 ktoe of biodiesel and
bioethanol was consumed. Spain thus retains the third position in the consumption
of biofuels in the EU with a rate of incorporation in transport by 7.3 % in 2012.
Sweden has the highest rate of incorporation among all EU countries: the share
of sustainable biofuels with respect to fuel consumption in the transport sector
has increased from 6.3 % in 2011 to 7.8 % in 2012. Total consumption of biofuels
in Sweden amounted to 586,887 toe in 2012, of which 207,564 is bioethanol and
307,929 is biodiesel. Sweden is definitely part of the country's most ambitious
clean transport. In 2012, a program was initiated by the Swedish government in
order to find solutions to ensure that Swedish vehicles are completely independent
from fossil fuels by 2030.
The consensus forecast for total EU biofuels consumption in 2020 is in line with
the NREAP of EU member countries. The cumulative amount of biofuels envisaged
by NREAP in 2020 amounts to 29,745 ktoe (of which 7307 is bioethanol, 61,649
is biodiesel, and 789 others) and with the current trend it is expected to reach an
amount equal to 30,000 ktoe.
4.2.5
Biomass in EU Countries
In 2011, primary energy production from solid biomass (wood, wood waste, other
biomass plants or animals) has declined by 2.4 Mtoe, reaching 78.8 Mtoe. The gross
consumption of primary energy from solid biomass, which includes imports and
exports, has amounted to 80.8 Mtoe in 2011, a decrease of 3.9 % over the previous
year.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search