Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
THE MAPS IN THIS TOPIC
The maps within this topic are designed as a reference guide when reading the text,
not to be used for navigation on the track! They are no substitute for the detailed to-
pographical maps recommended for each walk.
Navigation Equipment
Maps & Compass
Always carry a good topographical map and know how to read it properly. Before the tramp,
ensure that you understand the contours and the map symbols, plus the main ridge and river
systems in the area. Familiarise yourself with the north-south directions, and the general
direction you are heading in. On the trail, identify major landforms (mountain ranges,
gorges etc) and find them on the map. This will give you a better understanding of the local
geography.
Buy an adjustable-dial compass and learn how to use it. A compass in NZ will point
through the earth towards magnetic north, so the needle needs to be specially weighted to
keep it horizontal. Northern hemisphere compasses should not be used in NZ. Magnetic
north in NZ is between 18° and 25° east of grid north; using a variation of 21° is adequate
for most backcountry navigation around the middle of NZ, but check the map for local vari-
ation.
Learn How to Use a Compass
Once you've got your compass, make sure you know how to use it. Learn to orient your
map, take bearings and then be able to follow them. The Safety Tips section of the Mountain
Safety Council website (
www.mountainsafety.org.nz
)
is a good place to start, although one
of its courses will be even better. Once you've mastered the basics, practise on short walks.
GPS
Global Positioning System (GPS) has been a significant navigational development. Hand-
held receivers are cheap, compact, easy to use and, in the right conditions, able to identify
your location down to around 20m. On many models, you can input waypoints, mark your
route, measure your altitude, record your progress and overlay maps. They are, however, no
substitute for sound navigational skills and a compass and map. Batteries go flat, units get
