Reduction of Contaminants in Soil and Water By Direct Electric Current - Electrokinetics for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers - page 70

1.2

cathode
water

anode
water

SOIL

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

A Anode Center Cathode C

KS KG KH SS

Figure 2.27 Post-EK distribution of mass fraction of Lead (Pb) in saturated clay soils
(Pamukcu et al., 1997)

rate of electroosmotic flux. Acar et al., (1992) showed that
transport of phenol is possible by both electroosmosis and
electromigration, owing to the amphoteric nature of the
compound. Field experiments by Ho et al., (1995) showed
that the dissolved fraction of TCE can be transported by
electroosmosis.
Pamukcu (1994) showed that PAH compounds with
higher water solubility and lower molecular weight (i.e.,
naphthalene) in coal tar contaminated soils could be trans-
ported by electroosmosis without the aid of surface tension
reducing agents. In these tests, extraction of coal tar PAHs,
which included : naphthalene , acenaphthylene , acenaphthene ,
fluorene, , phenanthrene , anthracene , fluoranthene, , pyrene ,
chrysene , benz(a)anthracene , benzo(b)fluoranthene, , benzo(k)
fluoranthene, , benzo(a)pyrene , dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene , and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene were dem-
onstrated using EK process. Figure 2.28 displays the post-
process distribution of the normalized mass of total PAHs
in the coal tar contaminated soil specimens retrieved from a
manufactured gas plant (MGP) site in Champaign-Urbana,
Illinois. As observed, the electroosmotic advection trans-
ported and accumulated the PAH mass in soil near the cath-
ode interface. Use of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS)) with or without a co-surfactant (butanol)
appeared to reduce the PAH mass in the soil significantly,