Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
K
er,ow
= -0.7226S
w
2
+ 0.7139S
w
- 0.0579
R
2
= 0.9759
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Water Saturation (S
w
)
Figure 5.13
Analytically evaluated coefficient as a function of water saturation
5.8.4.5 Scaling issues in evaluation of relative EO transport coeffi-
cients for reservoir simulation
The generalized EO permeability coefficients presented above are important
pieces of the constitutive relationships in the EKEOR reservoir simulation.
It should be noted that reservoir properties are often highly heterogeneous
and anisotropic. The up-scaling difficulties and issues in EKEOR reservoir
simulation remain the same as other conventional methods. There are sev-
eral scaling issues between the laboratory experiments and the reservoir
scale. Two of the major differences are transient changes in the electric field
distribution and non-isothermal effects.
The applied DC current in the laboratory scale over the course of the
laboratory experiment is fairly uniform and conveniently manageable. The
distribution of electric field strength is uniform and temporal and spatial
fluctuations in electric field intensity are not a concern. However, in the
reservoir scale, the current density is not uniform in the formation and
temporal and spatial fluctuations of the electric field intensity affect the oil
production. Also, the temperature in laboratory scale experiment remains
fairly constant and thermal effects are negligible. In contrast, the thermal
effects could be significant in the reservoir scale, specifically in the regions
close to injection and production wells where the electrodes are inserted.
This effect is particularly important for extended periods of power applica-
tion which could generate significant heat due to formation resistivity in
the regions close to the injection and production wells.
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