Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
EK- Surfactant/EK-Nano/EK-Low Acid Concentration:
1. Conventional flooding
Chemical EOR has a number of different advantages of enhancing
recovery in carbonates as follows:
• Reduces interfacial tension
• Alters wettability
• Enlarges displacement efficiency particularly in oil-wet
reservoirs
Increases Recovery Factor
Conventional acidizing has a number of different advantages of
enhancing recovery in carbonates as follows:
• Enhances permeability
• Increases connectivity of previously uncommunicating
pores through enlarged conduits and, therefore, increases
oil recovery
However, this technology is limited due to:
• High consumption costs during injection of chemicals
due to losses by adsorption/absorption.
The depth of penetration of acid, nano or surfactant in
the rock formation is very low.
It may not be economically feasible.
2. Sequential/Simultaneous EK-assisted surfactant-flooding/
EK-assisted nanoflooding / EK-assisted low HCl concen-
tration EOR
SMART EOR provides an approach for having efficient and pre-
cise flooding in carbonates resulting in:
• Reduced IFT, altering wettability and enlarging displace-
ment efficiency particularly in oil-wet reservoirs
• Negligible or minimal losses by adsorption/absorption
on the rock surfaces
Precise targeting of by-passed oil
 
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