Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.3
Santa Maria Basin (California, USA), DCEOR field demon-
stration changes in produced gas composition (after Wittle and Hill,
2006b; Wittle et al., 200
8a, 2008b, 2011)
Hydrocarbon
Species
Baseline
(%)
DCEOR
(%)
C
1
85.4
45.89
C
2
2.06
4.22
C
3
2.60
10.02
Iso C
4
0.53
2.65
N-C
4
1.35
6.93
Iso C
5
0.69
3.76
HC
5
0.63
3.42
C
6
0.79
3.99
C
7
0.57
2.57
C
8
0.29
0.56
C
9
0.46
0.19
H
2
-
12.90
Table 3.4
Santa Maria Basin (California, USA), Comparison of DCEOR, cyclic
steam injection, and steam flood oil production efficiencies (after Wittle and Hill,
2006a & 2006b; and Wittle et al., 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, & 2011)
Recovery Method
BTU/Incremental Bbl Produced
DCEOR
7,014
Cyclic (Huff & Puff) ) Seam Injection
1,300.000
Steam Flood
4,300,000 - 7,600,000
This reservoir is at a depth of approximately 2,800 ft, significantly deeper
than the 2,000 - 2,500 ft practical limit for steam injection. The production
efficiencies of Table 3.4 reflect that.
The Santa Maria Basin DCEOR field demonstrations ended when oper-
ator was unable to control fines production cost-effectively with the avail-
able technology.
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