Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
• Selection of quantities to be observed as construction (or operations)
proceeds, and calculation of anticipated values of these quantities on the
basis of the working hypothesis;
• Calculation of values of the same quantities under the most unfavorable
conditions compatible with available subsurface conditions;
• Selection in advance of a course of action or modification of design of
every significant deviation from that predicted for the working hypothesis;
• Measurement of the quantities to be observed and evaluation of actual
conditions;
• Modification of design to suit actual conditions.
Because geotechnical uncertainty is intrinsic, designers, owners, and
regulators should make conscious use of the observational method and accept
the need to declare performance indicators, response procedures, and
observational procedures, including advances in monitoring technology. The
observational method of risk management is applicable to both existing and
future impoundment systems.
The value of the observational method is well recognized in geotechnical
practice, and MSHA regulations and current practice promote elements of it.
However, the method has some limitations, such as difficulties in application to
seismic or other rapid events. In particular, it requires anticipation of all
eventualities as well as preparation for courses of action to meet whatever
situation develops. MSHA and coal industry designers should be aware of the
need to employ the observational method to the degree practical.
Another method of risk management is the use of third party reviews. The
committee recognizes the value of third-party reviews that have been used in
projects such as the design and construction of large water dams. Such reviews
often examine whether the project is being designed to appropriate standards,
and the construction is being managed appropriately, and the committee
suggests that coal companies consider whether similar reviews would add value
and help manage risk in the design, construction, and operation of coal waste
impoundments.
To maximize the potential for risk reduction, the committee
recommends that all impoundment designs be accompanied by a risk
analysis utilizing qualitative methods.
Examples of such methods include
Potential Problem Analysis and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. The
performance requirements needed to correct failure modes, including the
instrumentation
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