Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 4
Construction, Theory, and Practical
Considerations for using Self-referencing
of Ca
2
þ
-Selective Microelectrodes for
Monitoring Extracellular Ca
2
þ
Gradients
Mark A. Messerli and Peter J. S. Smith
BioCurrents Research Center
Cellular Dynamics Program
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
Abstract
I. Introduction
II. CaSM Construction
A. Micropipette Fabrication
B. Silanization
C. Microelectrode Construction
III. Properties of CaSMs
A. Response to Ion Activity
B. Selectivity
C. Spatial Resolution
D. Response Time
IV. Self-referencing of CaSMs
A. Di
V
erential Concentration Measurement
B. Di
V
erential Concentration Determination
C. Calculation of Flux
D. Correction for Ca
2
þ
Bu
ering
E. Measurement of Voltage Gradients
F. Positional Artifacts
V. Ca
2
þ
Flux Measurements
References
V
