Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 2.4 Distributions of residual stresses in hot-rolled and built-up I-sections.
material that has a considerably higher compressive strength compared with its
tensile strength. Therefore, in steel-concrete composite bridges where massive
concrete decks lies on the top of steel beams, it is more economical to use it to
benefit from the composite action between steel and concrete in the regions
where the concrete is subjected to compressive stresses. However, when plain
concrete is subjected to tensile stresses, it fails prematurely if its tensile strength
is exceeded. Therefore, reinforcement steel bars are commonly placed in the
regions where plain concrete is subjected to tensile stresses to form reinforced
concrete (RC). Nonlinear material properties of reinforcement bars are also
briefly highlighted in this topic. It should be also noted that detailing the
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