Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4
3
3
7
4
3
8
6
1
5
1
2
2
1
2
S3 shell element
S4 shell element
S8 shell element
(a)
Conventional shell elements
8
6
4
3
4
5
7
1
1
3
5
6
2
2
Wedge element
Hexahedron element
(b)
Continuum shell elements
Figure 5.1 Shell element types.
3
3
4
3
7
4
3
4
3
7
3
4
8
8
6
6
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
S3
S4
S8
(a)
Full integration
3
3
4
3
7
4
4
3
8
6
1
1
2
1
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
S3R
SR4
S8R
(b)
Reduced integration
Figure 5.2 Full and reduced integration of shell elements.
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