Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
5
Finite Element Analysis of Steel
and Steel-Concrete Composite
Bridges
5.1 GENERAL REMARKS
Chapters 1-4
have provided literature review and the required background
regarding the general layout, material behavior of components and loads,
stability of bridges and bridge components, and design of steel and steel-
concrete composite bridges. It is now possible to present the main par-
ameters affecting finite element analysis and modeling of the bridges. This
chapter presents the more commonly used finite elements in meshing and
modeling of the bridges. The chapter highlights the choice of correct finite
element types and mesh size that can accurately simulate the complicated
behavior of the different components of steel and steel-concrete composite
bridges. The chapter provides a brief revision for the linear and nonlinear
analyses required to study the stability of the bridges and bridge components.
Also, the chapter details how to incorporate the nonlinear material proper-
ties of the different components, previously presented in
Chapter 2
, in the
finite element analyses. In addition, this chapter details modeling of shear
connection, previously presented in
Chapters 2 and 3
, for steel-concrete
composite bridges. Furthermore, the chapter presents the application of dif-
ferent loads and boundary conditions, previously presented in
Chapter 3
,on
the bridges. It should be noted that this chapter focuses on the finite element
modeling using any software or finite element package, as an example in this
book, the use of ABAQUS [1.29] software in finite element modeling.
The author aims that this chapter provides useful guidelines to readers,
students, researchers, academics, designers, and practitioners on how to
choose the best finite element type and mesh to represent different compo-
nents of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges. There are many param-
eters that control the choice of finite element type and mesh such as the
geometry, cross-section classification, and loading and boundary conditions
of the bridge components. The aforementioned issues are addressed in
this chapter. Accurate finite element modeling depends on the efficiency
in simulating the nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components.
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