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sandwich bridge decks with hybrid glass fiber-reinforced polymer-steel
core. The composite sandwich bridge deck system consists of wrapped
hybrid core of glass fiber-reinforced polymer grid and multiple steel box cells
with upper and lower glass fiber-reinforced polymer facings. The study
investigated the structural performance under static loading and fatigue load-
ing with a nominal frequency of 5 Hz was evaluated. The responses from
laboratory testing were compared with the finite element predictions.
The study showed that the failure mode of the proposed composite sand-
wich bridge deck was more favorable because of the yielding of the steel tube
when compared with that of glass fiber-reinforced polymer decks. It was also
shown that the ultimate failure of the composite sandwich deck panels
occurred by shear of the bonded joints between glass fiber-reinforced poly-
mer facings and steel box cells. In addition, results from fatigue load test indi-
cated that no loss in stiffness, no signs of debonding, and no visible signs of
deterioration up to 2 million load cycles were observed. The authors recom-
mended that the thickness of the composite sandwich deck retaining the
similar stiffness be decreased to some extent when compared with the glass
fiber-reinforced polymer deck. Furthermore, the study presented design of a
connection between composite sandwich deck and steel girder. Turer and
tification, calibrated model-based load rating, and sensitivity of rating to the
analytic model, along with experimental studies conducted on an existing
concrete-deck-on-steel-stringer bridge. The proposed model-updating
procedure used collected dynamic data comprising mode shapes, modal fre-
quencies, and order of modes as well as static deformed shape information.
The authors developed 2D grid models to simulate the transverse load trans-
fer mechanisms between girders, torsional flexibility, and effects of skewed
bridge architecture. It was shown that the rating results obtained from the
2D grid models were close to 3D finite element method-based evaluation,
while simplified 1D bar models had serious shortcomings. It was shown that
grouping the parameters of the analytic model at different stages of model
calibration enhanced the speed and convergence success of the objective
function. It was also shown that although cross braces were considered as
nonstructural members, they were found to be the most critical members
of the selected bridge during rating studies.
Mechanical behavior of composite joints for connecting existing con-
crete bridges and steel-concrete composite beams was the subject of recent
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