Civil Engineering Reference
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Then, F s,Rd ¼ 117 kN (for bolts in single shear at serviceability limit
states) and F s,Rd ¼ 234 kN (for bolts in double shear at serviceability limit
states). At ultimate limit states, F s,Rd,ult can be calculated as follows:
1
:
0 1
:
0 0
:
4
F s , Rd , ult ¼
320,880 ¼ 102,682N
:
1
:
25
Then, F s,Rd ¼ 103 kN (for bolts in single shear at ultimate limit states)
and F s,Rd ¼ 206 kN (for bolts in double shear at ultimate limit states):
604
5
206 ¼ 2
:
N 1 ¼
:
9 taken as 3 bolts,
:
604
5
103 ¼ 5
N 2 ¼
:
9 taken as 6 bolts
4.3.3.31 Design of Cross Girder-Main Truss Connection
The cross girder is designed as a simply supported beam on main trusses;
therefore, once again, the connection is mainly transferring shear forces
(maximum reaction from cross girders of 1600.8 kN) (see Figure 4.86 ) .
We can determine the required number of bolts as follows:
:
1600
8
206 ¼ 7
N 3 ¼
:
8 taken as 8 bolts,
1600
8
103 ¼ 15
:
N 2 ¼
:
5 taken as 16 bolts
4.3.3.32 Design of Wind Bracings
Wind forces acting on the investigated through highway bridge (see
Figure 4.87 ) as well as any other lateral forces directly applied to the bridge
Q D+L+ f = 1600.8 kN
N 3
N 4
Figure 4.86 The connection between a cross girder and the main truss.
 
 
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