Introduction - Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges - page 25

experimental and numerical study aimed to study the mechanical behavior
including load-slip relationship, load transfer factors, stress state, and friction
stress distribution of this type of joints. The study has shown that the loads
resisted by bolts in the edge rows are larger than the loads resisted by bolts in
the middle rows. It was also shown that the stress distributions in the con-
nected plate and cover plate were wavelike with large stress. The authors
concluded that the numerical simulation method of the HSFG joints is
recommended for connection design. Guo and Chen [ 1.43 ] discussed the
field stress and displacement measurements in controlled load tests and
long-term monitoring of retrofitted steel bridge details. The retrofitted
details were used to alleviate the cracking problems of the existing steel
bridge. The authors compared the displacements of the retrofitted details
with that of the nonretrofitted details. Based on the field-monitored data
and the AASHTO specifications, a time-dependent fatigue reliability assess-
ment was performed. The effective stress ranges derived from daily stress
range histograms and lognormal probability density functions were used
to model the uncertainties in the effective stress range. The study has shown
that the stress ranges in the instrumented details were below the correspond-
ing constant amplitude fatigue limits. It was concluded that the study can
provide references to bridges with similar fatigue cracking problems. Kim
et al. [ 1.44 ] investigated experimentally structural details of steel girder-
abutment joints in integral bridges. Integral bridges are the bridges that
maintain the rigid behavior of their joints. The study proposed structural
details of girder-abutment joints in integral steel bridges to enhance rigid
behavior, load-resisting, and crack-resisting capacity. The authors suggested
various joints that apply shear connectors to existing empirically constructed
girder-abutment joints. The performance of the proposed steel girder-
abutment joints was observed through experimental loading tests. The study
also performed nonlinear finite element analyses, which applied contact
interaction of the interface at the steel-concrete composite joints. It was
shown that all joints investigated had sufficient rigidity and crack-resisting
capacity. It was also concluded that the proposed joints had good structural
performance.
Miyachi et al. [ 1.45 ] investigated progressive collapse of three continuous
steel truss bridge models with a total length of 230.0 m using large deforma-
tion and elastoplastic analysis. The study aimed to clarify how the live-load
intensity and distribution affected the ultimate strength and ductility of two
steel truss bridge models having different span ratios. Sizes and steel grades of
the truss members were determined such that they were within the allowable