Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Bridge type
I
II
III
d
d
tot
d
tot
tot
a)
b
b
b
d
tot
d
d
tot
tot
b)
b
b
b
d
tot
A
ref,
x
=
d
tot
L
C
fx,0
Trusses separately
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.5
a) Construction phase or open parapets
(more than 50% open)
b) With parapets or barrier or traffic
1.3
1.0
0.5
0
b/d
tot
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
1
2
rv
b
CA
ref
,
x
F
w
¼
ð
3
:
13
Þ
where
v
b
is the basic wind speed,
C
is the wind load factor,
A
ref,
x
is the
reference area,
r
is the density of air, which is reasonably assumed as
1.25 kg/m
3
.
14
Þ
The fundamental value of the basic wind velocity,
v
b,0
, is the character-
istic 10 min mean wind velocity, irrespective of wind direction and time of
year, at 10 m above ground level in open country terrainwith low vegetation
v
b
¼ c
dir
c
season
v
b
,
0
ð
3
:
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