Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4
Dispersal, migration
and management
All organisms move, whether as seeds, by colonial growth or the active relocation of animals. But they vary in
the distance, directionality and function of their movements. Plans for conservation areas or marine reserves,
and for animal recovery or vegetation restoration, may be doomed to failure in the absence of an understanding
of dispersal and migration behavior. Equally, biosecurity strategies against potential invaders must recognize
patterns of movement along the world's trade and tourist routes. Less obvious is the need to take animal move-
ment into account when assessing the environmental sustainability of industry.
Chapter contents
4.1 Introduction - why species mobility matters
82
4.2 Migration and dispersal - lessons for conservation
84
4.2.1 For whom the bell tolls - the surprising story of a South American bird
84
4.2.2 The ups and downs of panda conservation
85
4.2.3 Dispersal of a vulnerable aquatic insect - a damsel in distress
86
4.2.4 Designing marine reserves
88
4.3 Restoration and species mobility
89
4.3.1 Behavior management
89
4.3.2 Bog restoration - is assisted migration needed for peat's sake?
89
4.3.3 Wetland forest restoration
91
4.4 Predicting the arrival and spread of invaders
92
4.4.1 The Great Lakes - a great place for invaders
92
4.4.2 Lakes as infectious agents
94
4.4.3 Invasion hubs or diffusive spread?
95
4.4.4 How to manage invasions under globalization
96
4.5 Species mobility and management of production landscapes
97
4.5.1 Squirrels - axeman spare that tree
97
4.5.2 Bats - axeman cut that track
97
4.5.3 Farming the wind - the spatial risk of pulverizing birds
100
4.5.4 Bee business - pollination services of native bees depend on dispersal distance
103
Key concepts
In this chapter you will
recognize the distinction between dispersal - the spreading of individuals away from each other -
and the mass directional movement of migration
appreciate that the mobility traits of many species link diverse geographical areas that may be
beyond the scope of any single nature reserve
81
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