METHODS - Introduction to Java Programming: Comprehensive Version - page 205

Let's look at a method defined to find the larger between two integers. This method, named
max , has two int parameters, num1 and num2 , the larger of which is returned by the method.
Figure 6.1 illustrates the components of this method.

Define a method Invoke a method

return value
type

method
name

formal
parameters

modifier

method
header

public static int max( int num1, int num2) { int z = max(x, y);

int result;

method
body

actual parameters
(arguments)

parameter list method

signature

if (num1 > num2)
result = num1;
else
result = num2;
return result;

return value

}

F IGURE 6.1

A method definition consists of a method header and a method body.

The method header specifies the modifiers , return value type , method name , and parameters
of the method. The static modifier is used for all the methods in this chapter. The reason for
using it will be discussed in Chapter 8, Objects and Classes.
A method may return a value. The returnValueType is the data type of the value the
method returns. Some methods perform desired operations without returning a value. In this
case, the returnValueType is the keyword void . For example, the returnValueType
is void in the main method, as well as in System.exit , and System.out.println . If
a method returns a value, it is called a value-returning method; otherwise it is called a void
method.
The variables defined in the method header are known as formal parameters or simply
parameters. A parameter is like a placeholder: when a method is invoked, you pass a value
to the parameter. This value is referred to as an actual parameter or argument. The param-
eter list refers to the method's type, order, and number of the parameters. The method name
and the parameter list together constitute the method signature. Parameters are optional; that
is, a method may contain no parameters. For example, the Math.random() method has no
parameters.
The method body contains a collection of statements that implement the method. The
method body of the max method uses an if statement to determine which number is larger
and return the value of that number. In order for a value-returning method to return a result, a
return statement using the keyword return is required. The method terminates when a return
statement is executed.

method header
modifier

value-returning method
void method
formal parameter
parameter
actual parameter
argument
parameter list
method signature

Note
Some programming languages refer to methods as procedures and functions. In those
languages, a value-returning method is called a function and a void method is called a
procedure.

Caution
In the method header, you need to declare each parameter separately. For instance,
max(int num1, int num2) is correct, but max(int num1, num2) is wrong.