Bitwise Operations - Introduction to Java Programming: Comprehensive Version - page 1277

A PPENDIX G

Bitwise Operations

To write programs at the machine-level, often you need to deal with binary numbers directly
and perform operations at the bit-level. Java provides the bitwise operators and shift operators
defined in Table G.1.
The bit operators apply only to integer types ( byte , short , int , and long ). A character
involved in a bit operation is converted to an integer. All bitwise operators can form bitwise
assignment operators, such as = , |= , <<= , >>= , and >>>= .

T ABLE G.1

Example
(using bytes in the example) Operator Name Description

& Bitwise AND 10101110 & 10010010

yields 10000010

The AND of two corresponding
bits yields a 1 if both bits are 1.

| Bitwise

inclusive OR

10101110 | 10010010
yields 10111110

The OR of two corresponding bits
yields a 1 if either bit is 1.

^ Bitwise

exclusive OR

10101110 ^ 10010010
yields 00111100

The XOR of two corresponding
bits yields a 1 only if two bits are
different.

~ One's

complement

~ 10101110 yields
01010001

The operator toggles each bit from
0 to 1 and from 1 to 0.

Left shift 10101110 << 2 yields

10111000

The operator shifts bits in the first
operand left by the number of bits
specified in the second operand,
filling with 0s on the right.

<<

>> Right shift

with sign
extension

10101110 >> 2 yields
11101011
00101110 >> 2 yields
00001011

The operator shifts bit in the first
operand right by the number of bits
specified in the second operand,
filling with the highest (sign) bit
on the left.

>>> Unsigned right

shift with zero
extension

10101110 >>> 2 yields
00101011
00101110 >>> 2 yields
00001011

The operator shifts bit in the first
operand right by the number of bits
specified in the second operand,
filling with 0s on the left.

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